Urological Diseases and Treatment Methods

Solutions for urological problems with modern diagnostic and treatment techniques

🪨 Kidney Stones

Symptoms

  • Severe flank pain
  • Blood in the urine
  • Frequent urination
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Burning sensation while urinating

Treatment Methods

  • ESWL (shock wave lithotripsy)
  • Ureteroscopy (URS)
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL)
  • Laser lithotripsy
  • Medical treatment
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♂️ Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Symptoms

  • Frequent urination
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Weak urine flow
  • Waking at night to urinate
  • Feeling of incomplete emptying

Treatment Methods

  • Medical treatment
  • Transurethral resection (TUR-P)
  • Laser prostatectomy
  • Prostate stents
  • Rezūm method
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♀️ Urinary Incontinence in Women

Symptoms

  • Leakage when coughing/sneezing
  • Leakage with a sudden urge
  • Frequent urination
  • Waking at night to urinate

Treatment Methods

  • Pelvic floor exercises
  • Bladder training
  • Medication
  • Botox injections
  • Surgical methods (sling operations)

✂️ Vasectomy (Male Birth Control)

Procedure

  • Performed under local anaesthesia
  • Takes 15–30 minutes
  • Cutting of the vas deferens ducts
  • Performed as an outpatient procedure
  • Effect begins after 3 months

Advantages

  • 99% effective birth control
  • Does not affect sexual function
  • Does not disturb hormonal balance
  • Permanent yet reversible (via microsurgery)
  • Low complication risk

👶 Hypospadias

Symptoms

  • Urethral opening located below its normal position
  • Curved appearance of the penis
  • Incomplete foreskin
  • Change in direction while urinating

Treatment Methods

  • Surgical correction (ideally between 6–18 months)
  • Urethroplasty techniques
  • Penile reconstruction
  • Single-session repair

👦 Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism)

An undescended testicle is a condition in male babies in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. It occurs in 3% of full-term babies and up to 30% of premature babies.

Treatment Methods

  1. Hormone Therapy: Hormone injections may be tried in some cases
  2. Orchiopexy Surgery: Bringing the testicle down into the scrotum and fixing it (recommended between 6–18 months)
  3. Laparoscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive method for testicles remaining inside the abdomen
Important: The best time for undescended testicle treatment is within the first 18 months. When delayed, the risk of testicular function loss and cancer increases.
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🩺 Urological Cancers

Cancer Types

  • Prostate cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Kidney cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Penile cancer

Treatment Methods

  • Robotic surgery
  • Laparoscopic surgery
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy

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