Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism) Treatment
Up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of undescended testicles in children
Important: The ideal timing for undescended testicle treatment is between 6 and 18 months of age. Early intervention makes it possible to preserve testicular function.
What Is an Undescended Testicle?
An undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) is a condition in male babies in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. It occurs in 3% of full-term babies and up to 30% of premature babies.
Symptoms
- One or both testicles cannot be felt in the scrotum
- An empty or small-looking scrotum
- Swelling in the groin area (the testicle may be palpable here)
- Retractile testicle (a testicle that sometimes descends into the scrotum and sometimes retracts)
Causes
Although the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include:
- Low birth weight and premature birth
- Family history (genetic predisposition)
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy
- Endocrine disorders
Treatment Methods
1. Surgical Treatment (Orchiopexy)
This is the gold-standard treatment method. The testicle is brought down into the scrotum and fixed in place. The techniques used are:
- Standard Orchiopexy: Performed through a small incision in the groin
- Laparoscopic Orchiopexy: A minimally invasive method for testicles located inside the abdomen
- Two-Stage Fowler-Stephens: For high-positioned testicles
2. Hormone Therapy
Hormone injections may be tried in selected cases, but the success rate is lower than surgery.
Post-Operative Recovery
- The operation usually takes 30–60 minutes
- Most patients are discharged the same day
- Mild pain may occur for 1–2 days
- Bathing is possible after one week
- A follow-up examination is recommended after 3–6 months
Frequently Asked Questions
Does an undescended testicle correct itself?
In some cases, spontaneous descent may occur within the first 6 months after birth. However, the probability of descent after the 6th month is very low and treatment is required.
When should the operation be performed?
Ideally between 6 and 18 months of age. It must be treated by the age of 2 at the latest.
Does an undescended testicle cause infertility later in life?
In unilateral cases with early treatment, the risk of infertility is low. The risk increases in bilateral cases and with delayed treatment.
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